WARNING

Capoten, also known as Captopril, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used primarily to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and to improve survival after a heart attack. Like all medications, Capoten carries certain risks and potential side effects:

• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Capoten can cause a significant drop in blood pressure, especially when first starting the medication or increasing the dosage. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or weakness.
• Hyperkalemia (High Potassium Levels): ACE inhibitors like Capoten can sometimes cause an increase in potassium levels in the blood, which can be dangerous. This is more likely to occur in patients with existing kidney problems or those taking potassium supplements.
• Kidney Dysfunction: ACE inhibitors can affect kidney function, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or renal artery stenosis (narrowing of blood vessels supplying the kidneys).
• Angioedema: Although rare, Capoten can cause swelling of deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips, and sometimes of the throat, which can be life-threatening if it affects breathing.
• Cough: ACE inhibitors can sometimes cause a persistent dry cough. If this occurs, patients may need to switch to a different class of blood pressure medication.
• Pregnancy Risks: Capoten is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus, especially in the second and third trimesters.
• Other Side Effects: Other potential side effects include rash, taste disturbances, neutropenia (reduced white blood cell count), and liver dysfunction.

It’s crucial for patients taking Capoten to be monitored closely by their healthcare provider, especially when starting the medication or adjusting the dosage. Monitoring typically includes blood pressure checks, kidney function tests, and electrolyte levels. Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding medication use and report any concerning symptoms promptly.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Capoten, or Captopril, is prescribed primarily for the following conditions:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Capoten helps lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood throughout the body.
• Heart Failure: It can improve symptoms of heart failure by reducing the workload on the heart and improving its pumping ability.
• Post-Heart Attack: Capoten is used to improve survival and reduce the risk of another heart attack in patients who have recently had a heart attack.

How should this medicine be used?

Capoten should be used exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Here are general guidelines for its use:

• Dosage: The dosage of Capoten varies depending on the condition being treated and individual patient factors. It is typically started at a low dose and gradually increased as tolerated.
• Administration: Capoten is usually taken orally, typically 1-2 times daily. It can be taken with or without food, but should be taken consistently with respect to meals.
• Monitoring: When starting Capoten or adjusting the dosage, blood pressure should be monitored closely to assess the medication’s effectiveness and to watch for any potential side effects, such as hypotension (low blood pressure).
• Duration: Capoten is often prescribed as a long-term treatment to control blood pressure or manage heart conditions. It’s important to continue taking it regularly even if you feel well, unless otherwise instructed by your doctor.
• Special Considerations:
  • Kidney Function: Patients with impaired kidney function may require adjustments in dosage. Regular monitoring of kidney function (via blood tests) is essential.
  • Potassium Levels: Monitoring of potassium levels is also important, especially in patients at risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
  • Pregnancy: Capoten is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception while taking Capoten.
• Adverse Effects: Report any side effects or unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly. Common side effects may include dizziness, cough, or changes in taste, but more serious reactions like swelling of the face, lips, or throat (angioedema) require immediate medical attention.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding the use of Capoten and do not adjust your dosage without consulting them first.

Other uses for this medicine

• Diabetic Nephropathy: Capoten can be used to delay the progression of kidney disease in patients with diabetes.
• Left Ventricular Dysfunction: It may be used to improve symptoms and outcomes in patients with left ventricular dysfunction following a heart attack.
• Scleroderma: In some cases, Capoten may be prescribed to help manage symptoms associated with scleroderma, a connective tissue disease.

What special precautions should I follow?

When taking Capoten, it’s important to follow specific precautions to ensure its safe and effective use:

• Kidney Function: Capoten can affect kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or renal artery stenosis. Regular monitoring of kidney function (via blood tests) is crucial.
• Potassium Levels: Capoten can increase potassium levels in the blood, which can be dangerous, especially in patients with kidney problems or those taking potassium supplements. Monitoring of potassium levels is necessary.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Capoten is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus, especially in the second and third trimesters. It should not be used while breastfeeding due to potential adverse effects on the infant.
• Angioedema: Although rare, Capoten can cause swelling of deeper layers of the skin, particularly around the face and throat. This can be life-threatening if it affects breathing. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience any signs of angioedema.
• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Capoten can cause a significant drop in blood pressure, especially when starting the medication or increasing the dosage. Patients should be cautious when rising from a sitting or lying position to avoid dizziness or fainting.
• Cough: Capoten can sometimes cause a persistent dry cough. If this occurs, patients may need to switch to a different class of blood pressure medication.
• Surgical Procedures: Inform healthcare providers about the use of Capoten before undergoing any surgical procedures, including dental procedures. The medication may interact with anesthesia or other medications used during surgery.
• Interactions: Capoten can interact with other medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), potassium-sparing diuretics, and certain antidiabetic medications. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications (prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements) you are taking.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood pressure, kidney function, electrolytes (especially potassium), and overall health status is essential while taking Capoten.

Always consult with your healthcare provider for specific guidance regarding the use of Capoten, including any precautions or adjustments needed based on your individual health status and medications.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Avoid Alcohol: Limit alcohol consumption while taking Capoten, as it can lower blood pressure and increase the risk of side effects.
• Salt Intake: Your doctor may recommend a low-sodium diet to help manage high blood pressure. Follow any specific dietary guidelines provided.
• Potassium-Rich Foods: Be cautious with potassium-rich foods like bananas, oranges, spinach, and potatoes. While moderate amounts are generally okay, excessive consumption can affect potassium levels when combined with Capoten.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Capoten (Captopril) can cause a variety of side effects, ranging from mild to severe. It’s important to note that not all people will experience these side effects, and some may experience none at all. Common side effects of Capoten include:

• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or weakness, especially when standing up quickly.
• Cough: A persistent dry cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors like Capoten. If the cough becomes bothersome, your healthcare provider may recommend switching to a different medication.
• Hyperkalemia (High Potassium Levels): Capoten can occasionally lead to increased potassium levels in the blood, which can cause symptoms like muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, or tingling sensations.
• Kidney Dysfunction: In some cases, Capoten can affect kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or renal artery stenosis.
• Angioedema: Although rare, Capoten can cause swelling of deeper layers of the skin, particularly around the eyes and lips, and sometimes of the throat, which can be life-threatening if it affects breathing.
• Rash: Some people may develop a rash or skin reactions while taking Capoten.
• Taste Disturbances: Changes in taste, such as a metallic taste or loss of taste, can occur.
• Neutropenia: This is a reduction in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, which can increase the risk of infections.
• Liver Dysfunction: Capoten can rarely cause liver enzyme abnormalities or liver dysfunction.
• Other: Other less common side effects may include headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and erectile dysfunction.

It’s important to report any side effects or unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly. They can help determine whether any adjustments to your medication regimen are necessary or if a different treatment approach should be considered. If you experience symptoms of angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, throat) or signs of a severe allergic reaction (difficulty breathing, chest tightness, severe rash), seek immediate medical attention.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Capoten:

• Storage: Capoten should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal: When disposing of Capoten or any medications that are no longer needed or expired, follow local guidelines or any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Do not flush medications down the toilet unless instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Emergency: If you suspect an overdose of Capoten, or if someone has ingested more than the prescribed amount, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center (in the US, call 1-800-222-1222).
• Symptoms of Overdose: Symptoms of Capoten overdose may include extreme dizziness, fainting, weakness, severe hypotension (low blood pressure), and electrolyte disturbances. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

What other information should I know?

• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood pressure, kidney function (via blood tests), and electrolyte levels (especially potassium) is important while taking Capoten. Your healthcare provider may also monitor for other potential side effects or interactions.
• Pregnancy: Capoten is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus, especially in the second and third trimesters. If you become pregnant while taking Capoten, inform your healthcare provider immediately.
• Breastfeeding: Capoten should not be used while breastfeeding due to potential adverse effects on the infant. Discuss alternative medications with your healthcare provider if you need to breastfeed.
• Interactions: Capoten can interact with other medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), potassium-sparing diuretics, and certain antidiabetic medications. Always inform healthcare providers about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter medications and supplements.
• Dietary Considerations: Maintain a balanced diet and follow any specific dietary instructions provided by your healthcare provider, especially regarding salt intake and potassium-rich foods.
• Medical Alert: Inform all healthcare providers (including dentists and emergency personnel) that you are taking Capoten. Carry a medical alert card or wear a medical alert bracelet if advised by your healthcare provider.
• Regular Follow-Up: Attend regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and response to Capoten. They can adjust your treatment plan as needed based on your health status and any side effects experienced.

Understanding these aspects of Capoten use and following your healthcare provider’s guidance can help ensure safe and effective treatment. If you have any questions or concerns about Capoten or its use, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.