WARNING

Estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, commonly known as birth control pills, are generally safe for most women. However, like any medication, they come with potential risks. Here are some of the main risks associated with taking estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives:

• Blood Clots: Estrogen in birth control pills can increase the risk of blood clots, which can lead to serious conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE).
• Cardiovascular Issues: Women who smoke, are overweight, or have certain medical conditions may have an increased risk of cardiovascular problems such as heart attack or stroke while taking oral contraceptives.
• High Blood Pressure: Some women may experience an increase in blood pressure while taking birth control pills, particularly if they have a history of hypertension.
• Breast Cancer: Studies have suggested a slightly increased risk of breast cancer among women who use oral contraceptives, especially with long-term use.
• Liver Problems: Oral contraceptives can sometimes cause liver problems, though this is rare. Women with a history of liver disease should be cautious when taking birth control pills.
• Migraines: Some women may experience worsening of migraines or increased frequency of headaches while taking estrogen-containing birth control pills.
• Other Side Effects: Other potential side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, and changes in libido.

It’s essential for women considering starting birth control pills to discuss their medical history and any potential risks with their healthcare provider. In most cases, the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy and managing certain medical conditions outweigh the risks for the majority of women. However, individual factors should always be taken into account when making decisions about contraception

Why is this medication prescribed?

Estrogen and progestin, commonly known as oral contraceptives or birth control pills, are prescribed primarily for preventing pregnancy. They contain synthetic versions of the hormones estrogen and progestin, which work together to prevent ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary), thicken cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach an egg, and thin the lining of the uterus to make it less receptive to implantation of a fertilized egg.

Oral contraceptives are also sometimes prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and alleviate symptoms of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

How should this medicine be used?

Estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, commonly known as birth control pills, should be used according to the instructions provided by a healthcare provider or as indicated on the medication packaging. Here are general guidelines for using oral contraceptives:

• Start on the Appropriate Day: If you’re starting birth control pills for the first time, follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Typically, you’ll start taking the pills on the first day of your menstrual period or on the first Sunday after your period begins.
• Take One Pill Daily: Oral contraceptives are typically taken once daily, at the same time each day, to maintain consistent hormone levels in the body. It’s essential to take the pill around the same time every day to maximize effectiveness.
• Follow the Pill Pack: Most birth control pill packs contain 21 active pills and 7 inactive pills (or placebo pills). Take one active pill each day for 21 days, followed by one inactive pill (if included) for 7 days. During the week of inactive pills, you may experience withdrawal bleeding similar to a menstrual period.
• Be Consistent: It’s crucial to take the pills consistently without missing doses. Missing pills or taking them at different times can decrease their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. If you miss a pill, refer to the instructions provided with your medication or consult your healthcare provider for guidance on what to do next.
• Use Backup Contraception as Needed: If you miss one or more pills or if you start a new pack late, you may need to use backup contraception (such as condoms) to prevent pregnancy. Follow the recommendations provided by your healthcare provider.
• Continue Use as Directed: After completing one pack of pills, start a new pack immediately, even if you’re still bleeding. Continuous, uninterrupted use of birth control pills is necessary to maintain contraceptive effectiveness.
• Regular Check-ups: It’s essential to schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your health and discuss any concerns or side effects associated with oral contraceptives.

Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about using oral contraceptives. They can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and individual needs.

Other uses for this medicine

• Menstrual Regulation: Oral contraceptives can help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and make periods lighter and more predictable.
• Acne Treatment: Some oral contraceptives are approved by the FDA for the treatment of acne in females.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Oral contraceptives may be prescribed to manage symptoms of PCOS, such as irregular periods and excessive hair growth.
• Endometriosis: They can help manage symptoms of endometriosis, including pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Some women find relief from PMS symptoms when taking oral contraceptives.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions to follow when taking estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, consider the following:

• Consistency: Take the pill at the same time every day to maintain consistent hormone levels in your body and maximize effectiveness.
• Missed Pills: If you miss a pill or take it late, refer to the instructions provided with your medication or consult your healthcare provider for guidance. You may need to use backup contraception (e.g., condoms) to prevent pregnancy.
• Health Monitoring: Schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your health and discuss any concerns or side effects associated with oral contraceptives.
• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider of your complete medical history, including any pre-existing conditions, allergies, or medications you’re taking. Certain health conditions may affect your suitability for oral contraceptives.
• Smoking: Avoid smoking while taking oral contraceptives, especially if you’re over the age of 35, as smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular complications.
• Other Medications: Some medications, such as certain antibiotics and anticonvulsants, may interact with oral contraceptives and reduce their effectiveness. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications you’re taking.
• Emergency Contraception: Oral contraceptives should not be used as emergency contraception. If you have unprotected sex and need emergency contraception, talk to your healthcare provider about appropriate options.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations and instructions when taking oral contraceptives to ensure safe and effective use.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Regarding special dietary instructions for estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, there are typically no specific dietary restrictions associated with their use. However, it’s always a good idea to maintain a healthy and balanced diet to support overall well-being.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take the Missed Pill: If you remember within 24 hours of the missed dose, take the missed pill as soon as you remember, even if it means taking two pills in one day.
• Use Backup Contraception: Depending on where you are in your pill pack and how many pills you missed, you may need to use backup contraception (such as condoms) for the next 7 days to prevent pregnancy.
• Follow Instructions: Refer to the instructions provided with your medication or consult your healthcare provider for specific guidance on what to do if you miss a dose.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, like any medication, can cause side effects in some individuals. While many women tolerate them well, others may experience mild to moderate side effects. Common side effects of estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives include:

• Nausea: Some women may experience nausea, particularly when they first start taking oral contraceptives. Taking the pill with food or before bedtime can help alleviate this symptom.
• Breast Tenderness: Estrogen in birth control pills can cause breast tenderness or enlargement in some women. This usually resolves within a few months of starting the pill.
• Headaches: Some women may experience headaches or migraines while taking oral contraceptives, especially if they have a history of migraines.
• Spotting or Breakthrough Bleeding: It’s common to experience spotting or breakthrough bleeding between periods, especially during the first few months of starting the pill or when switching to a new pill formulation.
• Changes in Menstrual Flow: Oral contraceptives can affect menstrual flow, leading to lighter or heavier periods in some women.
• Mood Changes: Some women may experience mood swings, irritability, or changes in mood while taking oral contraceptives.
• Decreased Libido: A decrease in sexual desire or libido can occur in some women while taking oral contraceptives, although this is less common.
• Weight Changes: While weight gain is often cited as a concern, studies have shown mixed results regarding the association between oral contraceptives and weight changes. Some women may experience slight weight gain, while others may not notice any difference.
• Changes in Skin: Oral contraceptives can affect the skin, leading to improvements in acne for some women but potentially worsening acne for others.
• Vaginal Discharge: Changes in vaginal discharge, such as increased or decreased lubrication, may occur in some women while taking oral contraceptives.

It’s important to note that not all women will experience these side effects, and some may experience none at all. Additionally, side effects often improve or resolve over time as the body adjusts to the hormones in the pill. If you experience severe or persistent side effects while taking oral contraceptives, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and disposal:

• Storage: Store oral contraceptives at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Avoid storing them in the bathroom, as moisture can degrade the medication. Keep them out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal: When disposing of expired or unused oral contraceptives, follow any specific disposal instructions provided with the medication or consult your pharmacist. Do not flush them down the toilet unless instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an overdose or accidental ingestion of too many oral contraceptive pills, contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and vaginal bleeding.

What other information should I know?

• Missed Doses: If you miss a dose of your oral contraceptive, follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the medication’s packaging. In some cases, you may need to take the missed dose as soon as you remember and then continue with your regular dosing schedule. However, if you miss more than one dose, you may need to use backup contraception and consult your healthcare provider.
• Effectiveness: Oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin are highly effective when taken correctly. However, certain factors such as vomiting, diarrhea, or interactions with other medications can reduce their effectiveness. It’s essential to take them consistently and as prescribed by your healthcare provider to maximize their effectiveness.
• Side Effects: Like all medications, oral contraceptives can cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects may include nausea, breast tenderness, headache, and mood changes. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider.
• Interactions: Oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin can interact with other medications, including certain antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and herbal supplements. Make sure to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Medical History: Before starting oral contraceptives, inform your healthcare provider about your medical history, including any pre-existing conditions such as blood clots, high blood pressure, or liver disease. Certain medical conditions may contraindicate the use of oral contraceptives or require close monitoring while taking them.
• Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects when combined with oral contraceptives, especially in women over 35 years of age. If you smoke, talk to your healthcare provider about safer contraceptive options.
• Regular Check-ups: It’s important to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider while taking oral contraceptives to monitor for any potential complications and to discuss any concerns or questions you may have.

Always follow the guidance of your healthcare provider and the instructions provided with your medication when taking oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin. If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for assistance.